Geo Info of Himalayas & It's Formation
Himalayas:-
They formed as part of Alpine - Himalayan System. Himalayas formed due to the collision of the Indian plate and the Euroasian plate which led to the closure of the Tethy's Sea which lay between these two plates.
Five collisions between these two plates ultimately giving birth to the Himalayas and structurally the Himalayas are made of Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone and The trans Himalayas.
The Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone belt is in Ladakh and represents the fusion of the Indian and Eurasian plates. The trans Himalayas are the Karakoram, the Ladakh and the Zaskar ranges from north to south.
The Karakorams are cut by two important passes , the Kunjerab Pass and the Karakoram pass. The tallest mountain is K2 or Mt. Godwin Austen. The karokoram have the world largest non polar glacier which is Siachen and the other glaciers are Fedchenko Hispar and Biafo.
The Ladakh ranges form the highest plateau of india and the tallest peak of Ladakh plateau is Guria Mandhata. The Zaskar ranges have Mt.Kamet and Rakaposhi as the tallest ones.
The Greater Himalayas [ Himadris ]
The greater Himalayas constitute the most continuous mountain range in the world and they have the oldest rocks of the Himalayas. They are cut by some prominent passes like Zojila pass in Kashmir, The Shipki Pass in Bihar and the Natu La Pass in Sikkim. The prominent peaks are Mt. Everest, Dhaulagiri, Annopurna, Makalu, Kanchenjunga and Nanga parbat. The Greater Himalayas boast of 14 of the 28 tallest peaks in the world.
The Greater Himalayas have some large glaciers like Zemu, Gangotri and Kanchenjunga.
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| Image Credit: Subratachak |
The Lesser Himalayas [ The Himachals ]
The lesser Himalayas are seperated from the Greater Himalayas by the Main Central Thrust. The Pir Panjal, the Dhauladhar and the Mussorie range are part of the Lesser Himalayas or the Himachals. The prominent valleys of Lesser Himalayas are the Kulu, Kangra, Lahul and Spiti.
The Outer Himalayas [ The Shiwaliks ]
These constitute the outermost belt of the Himalayan fold mountain system.They are a system of continuous ranges are called Jammu hills in Jammu & Kashmir, Delta, Miri, Mishmi and Abhor hills in Northeast. The Shiwaliks are separated from the Lesser Himalayas by the main boundary fault a group of fractures which is the most active earthquake belt of India.
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