Peninsular India Geography | Mountain Ranges | Uplands | Hills | Plateaus
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Peninsular India is a triangular plateau and area of India and north of Tropic of Cancer is twice that of the area south of Tropic of Cancer. The Narmata - Tapti Graben divides peninsular plateau into Central highlands and Southern plateaus or hills region.
The Central highlands are made up of Aravalis, Malwa plateau and Bundhelkhand plateau. The Southern plateaus / hills region made up of Satpuras , Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Deccan plateau and other plateaus of Southern India. The Southern plateaus or hills cover 7 Lakh sq kms.
Aravalli Ranges
Its is one of the oldest folded tectonic mountains of India. The Delhi Bidge is part of the Aravalli folds which forms the Indo Gangetic Divide
Gurushikar of Mt. Abu within Aravallis is the highest peak , Mahi and Luni are the rainfed Rivers which cross the Aravalli Ranges
Vindhyan Uplands
These are made up of Bundhelkhand and Malwa plateau. The Malwa plateau is making up most of the wester Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and its an extension of Deccan plateau.
Chambal and Betwa rivers drain Malwa Plateau and it is made up of ravines and quillies. Bundhelkhand plateau is made up of very old Igneous or Metamorphic rocks.
Satpura – Maikala Hills
The Satpura-Maikala hills occur within the Narmada – Tapti trough. Panchmarhi is the tallest peak of satpura , The mahadeva hills is include in Satpura – Maikala region
Maikala plateau is actually the eastern part of Satpura ranges and Amarkantak plateau is part of the Maikala hills and is the soruce of Narmada river.
Rajmahal Hills
Are made up of volcanic rocks and they form the eastern edge of the Chotanagpur plateau. They are also called the Rajmahal traps and they are relict mountains
Chotanagpur plateau
It is a continental plateau and the Second Largest plateau of India. It is made up of very old Igneous and Metamorphic rocks.
Chotanagpur plateau has smaller plateaus occurring at various elevations within it. These are called Patlands. The Patlands are Ranchi plateau, Koderma plateau and Hazaribagh plateau.
Porahat and Dalma hills are volcanic hills of Chotanagpur plateau. Parsavanath hills are the highest hills of Chotanagpur plateau. Damodar and Suvarnarekha are the chief rivers of the Chotanagpur plateau.
Baghelkhand Plateau
Makes up another part of Bihar and it occurs south of son river and east of maikala hills which includes the rivers son and rihand.
Deccan plateau
It is the largest plateau of India and it is volcanic plateau made up of basalts. Sahyadris – northern werstern ghats are the edges of the Deccan plateau.
Deccan plateau shows a stepped surface called Trap structure . Kulsubai is the highest peak of Sahyadris and Vavulmara is the highest peak of western ghats.
The prominent peaks in northern western ghats are Salher, Kalsubai and Mahableshwar.
Bhor ghat and Thal ghat passes occur in northern Western Ghats. Southern western ghats are made up of Annamalai, Nilgiri and Cardamom hills.
Nilgiri Hills
Nilgiri Hills are also called blue mountains which form junction between Western and Eastern Ghats. They are made up very old Igneous and Metamorphic rocks.
The highest elevations of Peninsular India are reached in Nilgiris. Doddabeta peak close to Ooty Hills is the highest peak of Nilgiris.
Nilgiris are separated from the Annamalai Hills by the Palghat pass and this pass connect kerala state with Tamilnadu state.
Annamalai Hills
Have the highest peak of southern peninsular india which is the anaimudi peak.
They are made up very old igneous and metamorphic rocks and separated from the cardamom hills by the Shencottah pass.
Cardomom Hills
Form the divide between Tamilnadu coastal plains and Malabar coastal plains.
Mysore or Karnataka Plateau
The northern part is called Malnad and is forested and hilly. Bababudan Hills are the most prominent hills of the Karnataka plateau. They are called horse shoe hills.
The southern part of Mysore plateau is called Maidan and is a rolling plain
South of coorg, the Western Ghats of the Karnataka plateau have prominent peaks like Brahmagiri , Pushpagiri and Kudermukh.
Telangana Plateau
It is a low lying plateau and described as peneplain
Chattisgarh Plateau
It includes upper course of Mahanadi and wainganga rivers and it is a low lying plateau with gentle relief. It occurs between Maikala Hills and Orissa Hills
Kathiawar Region
It is considered to be an extension of Deccan plateau and has some volcanic hills like Gir Ranges, Pavagarh and Junagarh Hills
Eastern Ghats
They are made up of very old Igneous and Metamorphic rocks and occur much in the interior unlike the Western Ghats
They are in the nature of a series of discontinuous ranges / hills unlike in Western Ghats
In Orrisa they are called Orrisa Hills and here the tallest peak is Mahendragiri Peak occurs in Ganjam district, Orrisa.
In Tamilnadu the Eastern Ghats occur as Palani , Shevaroy and Javadi hills and kodaikanal resort located in Palani hills region .
In Andra Pradesh the Nallamallai ranges constitute the Eastern Ghats and they are residual hills.
The Eastern Ghats joins the Western Ghats in Nilgiri’s via the palani hills.
Shillong Plateau
Is consider to be an extension of Peninsular plateau and has residual hills in the form of Garo, Khasi and Jainita Hills.
Cherrapunji and Mawsynram occur on the solpes of Khasi Hills.
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