Types of Winds | Local Winds | Planetary Winds
There are two types of Winds - Planetary Winds & Local Winds
A. Planetary Winds
1. Trade Winds
2. Westerlies
3. Polar Easterlies
4. Jet Streams
B. Local Winds
1. Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
2. Mountain Breeze & Valley Breeze
B. Local Cold & Hot Winds of the world
Mistral - A cold local wind blowing from Alps in Eastern France in to Mediterranean.
Chinook - A hot local wind descending on the eastern slopes of rockey mountains of USA
Foehn - A hot local wind descending on the northern slopes of Alps in Switzerland.
Bora - A cold local wind blowing from western part of former Yugoslavia in to the Adriatic sea.
Santa Ana - A hot wind blowing from Nevada desert in southwest USA towards Pacific.
Zonda - A hot wind descending on the eastern slopes of Andes into Argentina.
Berg - A dry warm wind blowing from South Africa into the adjacent oceans.
Sirocco - A hot wind from Sahara desert blowing into Southern Europe across the Mediterranean.
Harmattan - A hot wind blowing from Sahara into Atlantic via Guinean coast.
Brickfielder - A hot wind blowing from interior Australia towards the Pacific coast.
Leveche - A hot wind blowing from Sahara into spain across the Mediterranean.
There are two types of Winds - Planetary Winds & Local Winds
A. Planetary Winds
Due to the permanent pressure belts on the atmosphere, the atmosphere shows a permanent pattern of circulation in the form of planetary or primary winds. These are :
1. Trade Winds
The trade winds blow between the sub-tropical highs and doldrums. The trade winds are the most steadiest of all winds and carry the largest quantity of moisture among all planetary winds. It covers most of the surface area and they are offshore along west coasts of continents.
2. Westerlies
The westerlies blow between the sub-tropical highs and the sub-polar lows. They bring more rainfall than the trade winds and they lead to development of wave cyclones due to their convergence with the cold polar easterlies. They are called Roaring Forties in the Southern Hemisphere.
3. Polar Easterlies
The Polar easterlies are dry cold winds that blow weekly towards the sub-polar lows. They have convergence with the westerlies from the polar front.
4. Jet Streams
The Jet streams are high velocity geostrophic winds that blow in the upper parts of the troposphere from west to east. The Rossberry waves slowly moving air on their margins.
B. Local Winds
The local winds can develop due to the local differences in temperature and pressure. The important ones are
1. Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
These are confined to the coastal regions. Land Breeze is a cool breeze from land to sea in the night while Sea Breeze is a cool breeze from sea to land in the day.
2. Mountain Breeze & Valley Breeze
The Mountain Breeze blows from hill tops towards valley bottoms in the night and the valley breeze blows from valley bottoms to mountain tops in the day.
B. Local Cold & Hot Winds of the world
Mistral - A cold local wind blowing from Alps in Eastern France in to Mediterranean.
Chinook - A hot local wind descending on the eastern slopes of rockey mountains of USA
Foehn - A hot local wind descending on the northern slopes of Alps in Switzerland.
Bora - A cold local wind blowing from western part of former Yugoslavia in to the Adriatic sea.
Santa Ana - A hot wind blowing from Nevada desert in southwest USA towards Pacific.
Zonda - A hot wind descending on the eastern slopes of Andes into Argentina.
Berg - A dry warm wind blowing from South Africa into the adjacent oceans.
Sirocco - A hot wind from Sahara desert blowing into Southern Europe across the Mediterranean.
Harmattan - A hot wind blowing from Sahara into Atlantic via Guinean coast.
Brickfielder - A hot wind blowing from interior Australia towards the Pacific coast.
Leveche - A hot wind blowing from Sahara into spain across the Mediterranean.
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